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Anaphylaxis

Adult Audience Only


SUMMARY

Anaphylaxis is a sudden and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction usually to a food, an insect bite, or a medication. Anaphylaxis usually occurs in someone who has previously had an allergic reaction, but it can also happen to someone with no previous history. Preventing a reaction by avoiding the allergen (thing that causes the reaction) is key. Review the resource section below to help develop a plan before an event, which can help prevent emergencies from occurring.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that may occur rapidly or up to hours after eating or coming in contact with the allergen. Anaphylaxis, if untreated, may cause death. Rapid treatment with epinephrine is critical for patients having a severe anaphylactic reaction.

Symptoms might include:

  • Hives
  • Swelling of mouth, tongue, or eyes
  • Throat tightness Hoarseness
  • Fainting
  • Runny nose
  • Difficulty breathing, wheezing
  • Skin redness or itching
  • Vomiting
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Chest pain

Common causes:

  • Medications, insect stings or bites, foods

Common food allergens:

  • Peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, milk, wheat, soy, shellfish, fish, sesame seeds

PREVENTION

  • Review your group’s Annual Health and Medical Records before leaving.
  • If someone has a severe allergy, know the types of allergens and what symptoms they have had in the past. Some people may have severe allergies to many things.
  • Develop an anaphylaxis plan with the parent/guardian and youth before the event.
  • Be sure that they are carrying their unexpired epinephrine auto-injectors before leaving for a campout or event AND that they know how to use them. Two doses of the medication are recommended since often the medication needs to be repeated. Ask to see the medication and know where they store it so you and others know how to find it in the event of an emergency. It is important for the individual to always have their medication with them and that at least one other person with them knows where to find it.
  • Consider obtaining training in the use of epinephrine auto-injectors if you have someone in your unit with severe allergies. Check with your state and local laws beforehand.

WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE IS HAVING AN ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION

  • Get help and call 911.
  • If epinephrine is available, help the individual administer the medication immediately.
  • Monitor breathing.
  • Have them sit or lie down. They may lose consciousness.
  • Never leave the person alone. Be prepared to administer CPR.
  • A second dose of epinephrine may be needed if symptoms do not improve or if they return.
  • Get advanced emergency medical care. Symptoms may return hours later even after epinephrine has been given.

RESOURCES